Carbonaceous Aerosol by András Gelencsér (auth.)
By András Gelencsér (auth.)
This monograph offers a different and entire insurance of the character and atmospheric function of carbonaceous aerosol debris, those titanic unknowns of the worldwide surroundings. Even the idea that of carbonaceous aerosol has only in the near past grown out of atmospheric pollutants stories, with out ever being anchored to solidified nomenclature and terminology. it really is past any doubt that no significant step forward might be anticipated in resolving weather matters and not using a greater realizing of the function carbonaceous debris play within the worldwide surroundings.
This monograph may perhaps function an essential reference for all these drawn to nearly any features of world atmospheric sciences, specifically if you happen to are stakeholders in inadvertent weather amendment. therefore atmospheric chemists, physicists, meteorologists, and modellers may possibly locate this monograph a thought-inspiring and occasionally provocative assessment of all worldwide phenomena suffering from or with regards to carbonaceous aerosol. An expected benefit of this monograph is that it brings jointly those various atmospheric phenomena below the umbrella of carbonaceous aerosol in an interdisciplinary means, that is a prerequisite of resolving international clinical issues.
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The method was tested for EC artifacts with model organic compounds such as glucose, starch and humic acid. With the exception of the humic acid no artifact formation was observed. The charring of the highly polymerized humic acid (∼14 %) could not be avoided, but was reduced as compared to the original method. The use of bulk samples instead of spiked filters, however, increased the fraction charred to 33 %. The method was also compared to the German reference method VDI, which minimizes charring by solvent extraction of the sample prior to combustion [Petzold and Niessner, 1995; Kuhlbusch, 1995].
As Chow and co-workers [1993] put it: “It is often stated that the various carbon analysis methods do not agree. 1 Optical Methods a) Smoke shade method The “smoke shade” method was originally used in the U. K. [British Standard, 1964], and later adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as the Organization for Economic and Cooperative Development (OECD). It consists of the measurement of the darkness of stain by a reflectometer on a Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The sampler collects only particles with diameter < 4 µm.
It consists of the measurement of the darkness of stain by a reflectometer on a Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The sampler collects only particles with diameter < 4 µm. By means of an appropriate calibration curve, the results are expressed as µg m−3 of “standard smoke” [Ball and Hume, 1977]. , 1983]. The conclusion was that the “smoke shade” method could be used as a surrogate for EC measurement within about a factor of two. 13 under less polluted conditions. , 1993]. The relationship between reflectance and surface concentration of absorbing species is strongly dependent on the particle load on the filter and the penetration depth into the filter material.