Building parallel programs: SMPs, clusters, and Java by Alan Kaminsky
By Alan Kaminsky
This article is meant for parallel programming classes inside desktop technological know-how departments at either four-year and two-year faculties. extra in particular, this article is perfect for these classes in parallel programming and parallel computing the place Java is the popular language. Parallel programming is an optional path provided inside such a lot desktop technological know-how courses. Parallel programming teaches scholars how you can run courses throughout numerous desktops, in place of operating a unmarried application on one desktop. One benefit of having the ability to practice parallel programming is the power of a working laptop or computer scientist to check many types of 1 challenge concurrently. The path, whereas an non-compulsory, is out there inside of such a lot machine technological know-how departments at so much universities. Parallel computing is a reliable subdiscipline inside laptop technology - a few say that with the extra strong microcomputers being constructed, it has the capability to realize extra curiosity in coming years. With the superiority of Java as a programming language, this ebook deals a extra glossy tackle parallel programming, so as to entice clients. This booklet is far extra modern than the other offerings out there this present day, quite the marketplace chief from Morgan-Kaufmann, which has now not been up to date considering that 1996. The marketplace is seeking a brand new, updated alternative and this ebook offers with its Java concentration and the credentials of the writer. Reviewers commented definitely at the author's transparent writing kind, on the way to be worthwhile to scholars who frequently are compelled to grapple with muddled texts at those better degrees. the writer will make specific Java code samples and toolkits to be had (student downloads on course.com and likewise at the instructor's website). This e-book can assist extra our development into better point parts of the pc technology marketplace as we search to submit an entire breadth of decisions for the pc technological know-how curriculum.
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8 SMPs, Clusters, Hybrids: Pros and Cons 29 Conversely, a cluster parallel computer is well suited for a problem where there are few or no data dependencies between the processors—where each processor can compute its own results with little or no communication with the other processors. The more communication needed, the poorer a cluster parallel program will perform compared to an SMP parallel program. On the other hand, two limitations are encountered when trying to scale up to larger problem sizes on an SMP parallel computer.
Second, in 1981, the Internet Protocol (IP) and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), developed by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, were published as Internet standards—“Request For Comments” (RFC) 791 and RFC 793. Third, also in 1981, IBM started selling the IBM PC, whose open architecture became the de facto standard for personal computers. By 1983, for the first time in the history of computing, there was an open standard computer hardware platform (the PC), an open standard local area network (Ethernet) for interconnecting computers, and an open standard network protocol stack (TCP/IP) for exchanging data between computers.
For maximum performance, it’s not enough to equip a cluster with fast backend processors. It’s also important for the cluster’s backend network to have three characteristics: low latency, high bandwidth, and high bisection bandwidth. Latency refers to the amount of time needed to start up a message, regardless of the message’s size; it depends on the hardware and software protocols used on the network. Bandwidth, measured in bits per second, is the rate at which data is transmitted once a message has started.