ACI 318-11: Building Code Requirements for Structural by ACI 318 Committee
By ACI 318 Committee
The "Building Code standards for Structural Concrete" ("Code") covers the fabrics, layout, and development of structural concrete utilized in structures and the place acceptable in nonbuilding constructions. The Code additionally covers the energy overview of current concrete structures.
Among the topics coated are: agreement records; inspection; fabrics; toughness standards; concrete caliber, blending, and putting; formwork; embedded pipes; building joints; reinforcement information; research and layout; power and serviceability; flexural and axial quite a bit; shear and torsion; improvement and splices of reinforcement; slab platforms; partitions; footings; precast concrete; composite flexural participants; prestressed concrete; shells and folded plate individuals; energy overview of present buildings; provisions for seismic layout; structural simple concrete; strut-and- tie modeling in Appendix A; substitute layout provisions in Appendix B; replacement load and power aid elements in Appendix C; and anchoring to concrete in Appendix D.
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E. subsets of W), how do we make probability statements on the values belonging to the range Rg(X) – which is a subset of the real numbers R or R itself – of the function X? In regard to the second question we first make a preliminary remark. If we denote by w a point element of the sample space W, then X(w) ∈ Rg(X) ⊂ R 34 Probability theory and, typically, we will be interested in the probability that: (1) X(w) has a particular value a (a ∈ R), or (2) X(w) lies in the range of values a < X(w) ≤ b (a, b ∈ R; a < b), or (3) X(w) ≤ a.
1 Probability: the axiomatic approach Introduction The key point of the previous chapter is that the properties of a ‘probability function’ seem to play a more important role than the definition of probability itself. More specifically, from a mathematical point of view we are led to the idea that the way in which we assign probabilities to events is almost secondary with respect to the fact that these probabilities must satisfy a number of well-defined properties. Therefore, by temporarily ignoring the way in which we assign probabilities to events – but, at the same time, by defining what exactly is meant by ‘event’ – we can simply define a ‘probability function’ as something that satisfies a given set of rules.
It is precisely this line of thinking that leads to the formal axiomatic approach (due to the Russian mathematician Kolmogorov) considered in the following chapters. , ‘La Probabilità e le Sue Regole’, Proceeding from the Seminar ‘Metodologie Statistiche per il Trattamento delle Misure’, CISM, Udine (Italy) 9–11 Oct. (1991). , Chelsea, New York, 1968). , ‘Foundations of the Theory of Probability’, reprinted by the American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island (2000). , McGraw-Hill, New York (1990).